introduction

major and minor

the circle of fifths

ways of modulating

spotting modulations

Unlike the previous examples with their extravagant use of accidentals, this example only contains one accidental. It is, however, a modulation because it fulfils the two criteria. The chords in the second bar are both drawn from the diatonic scale of A major and constitute a perfect cadence in this key.

information and orientation as you browse around TonalityGUIDE.com chord identification understanding voice-leading style awareness